IslamBasics










By: Galwash Ahmed A.
Preface I- PRAYERS TO GOD Prayer � A Principle of Action Time of the Five Stated Prayers Aim of the Prayers Muslim Prayer � A Spiritual Diet Description Of The Muslim Prayers Ablution Purification How the Prayer Service is Performed The Stated Daily Prayers The Friday Prayer Service The Qunut Special Service II- ZAKAT OR LEGAL ALMS Types of Zakat III- FASTING IV- PILGRIMAGE Pilgrimage As A Fundamental Institution Certain Rites of the Institution Sunni Way of Performing The Pilgrimage Summary Of The Fundamental Enjoinments Relating To Pilgrimage Stanley Lane Pool�s Comments PART II- TRANSACTIONS V- MARRIAGE Marriage � A Civil Contract Kinds Of Divorce Different Forms of Divorce Prohibited Marriages Suggested Reconciliation Prohibited Marriage Relations In Islam Religious Ceremony On The Occasi Inequality Of The Two Sexes Regarding Divorce Limitation of DivorceIslamic Legal Status of a Married Woman VI- NHERITANCE Law of inheritance Gifts And Donations Points of Contact A � Legal Heirs And Sharers B � Residuaries C � Distant Kindred VII- SALE AND USURY Usury Lawful Transactions Koran Enjoinments Relating to Trade and Usury VIII- OWNERSHIP Kinds And Divisions Of Property Ownership Divisions of Waqfs PART III- PENAL LAWS IX- CRIMINAL INTENTIONAL INJURY Crime Of Murder X- ADULTERY Punishment For Slander XI- THEFT AND ROBBERY XII- DIVISIONS OF PUNISHMENT XIII- DISCRETIONARY CORRECTION OR TA�ZIR XIV- SINFUL ACTS Classification Permissible And Prohibited Food PART IV- MORALITIES XV- MUSLIM ETHICAL BASIS OF SOCIAL LIFE Position Of Women In Islam XVI- MUSLIM ETHICS AND MORALITIES Directions Relating to Reformation of Man�s External Life XVII -THE MORAL CONDITIONS Chastity Honesty Peacefulness Politeness Forgiveness Goodness Courage Veracity Patience Sympathy XVIII- TRUE BELIEVERS Their Manners And Characters As Described In The Koran PART V- MUSLIM JURISPRUDENCE AND THEOLOGY XIX- KORAN AND JURISPRUDENCE XX- KORAN - FIRST SOURCE OF JURISPRUDENCE Divisions Of The Koran Orientalists Reviewing The Koran XXI- THE TRADITIONS- SECOND SOURCE OF JURISPRUDENCE XXII- TRANSMISSION OF HAD�TH IN PROPHET�S LIFETIME Why Had�th Was Not Generally Written XVIII- THE EARLIEST PRESERVATION OF TRADITIONS Collection of Hadith (First Stage) Collection of Hadith (Second Stage) Collection of Hadith (Third Stage) Collection of Hadith (Fourth Stage) Collection of Hadith (Fifth Stage) XXIV- THE KORAN IS THE GREATEST TEST FOR JUDGING HAD�TH XXV- THE STYLE OF COMPOSITION EMPLOYED IN THE IMPARTING OF TRADITIONS XXVI- DEGREES OF AUTHENTICITY OF THE NARRATORS XXVII- RULES FOR DISTINGUISHING FALSE TRADITIONS XXVIII- IJMA� - THE THIRD FOUNDATION OF ISLAMIC LAWS Establishment of Ijtihad The Four Great Divine Doctors Different Methods Forming New Laws XXIX- DEGREES OF IJTIHAD �Qiyas� or Analogy Istihsan or Equity Istislah or Public Good Istidlal or Inference Ways of Inferring �Ijma� PART VI- JIHAD XXX- THE RELIGIOUS DEFENSIVE WARFARE Koranic Verses on Jihad Observance of Jihad XXXI- MISCONCEPTION OF THE DUTY OF JIHAD Islam Was Not Spread By Force Fearful Wars of The Christian Clovis XXXII- PAYMENT OF TRIBUTE CALLED "JIZIA" Islam, Jizia or The Sword Directions Relating to War Treatment of The Prisoners of War Prisoners of War Not Slaves War as a Struggle to Be Carried on Honestly PART VII- SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF ISLAM XXXIII- THE TREASURES OF HAPPINESS References

Islambasics Library: The Religion Of Islam vol.2

Chapter XII - Divisions Of Punishment

P

unishment is divided into three classes:

1. Hadd. 2. Qisas. 3. Ta’zir.

1. Hadd (pl. hudud) (literally that which is defined) is that punishment, the limits of which have been defined in the Koran and hadîth (the Traditions of the Prophet). The following belong to this class:

(a) Adultery, for which the adulterer must be stoned.

(b) Fornication, for which the guilty persons must receive one

hundred stripes.

(c) The false accusation of a chaste person or a virtuous man or woman with adultery, for which the offender must receive eighty stripes.

(d) Apostasy which is punishable with death.

(e) Drinking intoxicating liquor, for which the offender must receive eighty lashes.

(f) Theft, which is punished by cutting off the right hand.

(g) Highway robbery: For robbery only, the loss of hands and feet, and for robbery with murder, death, either by sword or crucifixion. This division of punishment has already been dealt with at length in the foregoing chapters.

2. Qisas (literally retaliation) is that punishment which, although fixed by the law, can be remitted by the person offended against, or in the case of murdered person, by his heirs. It is applicable to cases of murder and wounding.

3. Ta’zir, i.e. punishment which is left to the discretion of the judge. The following chapter presents a thorough explanation of the ta’zir (punishment).

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